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Which statement below best describes the composition of the atmosphere?
The atmosphere is mostly made up of trace gasses, with tiny amounts of carbon dioxide.
The atmosphere is mostly made up of water vapor, and carbon dioxide. Oxygen and nitrogen are present only in tiny amounts.
Oxygen and nitrogen make up roughly 99 percent of the atmosphere. Trace gasses, including carbon dioxide and water vapor, make up only tiny amounts of the air by comparison.
The majority of the atmosphere is made up of argon. Nitrogen and oxygen are present in small quantities.
What role do dust particles play in the atmosphere?
Dust decreases the density of the atmosphere.
Dust forms condensation nuclei for raindrops to condense upon.
Dust increases insulation to the earth’s surface.
Dust helps reduce lightning formation.
Which layer of the atmosphere has the highest air pressure and the most weather events or storms?
troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere
What is the correct order of the layers of the atmosphere from bottom to top?
mesosphere, troposphere, thermosphere, stratosphere
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
troposphere, thermosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere
thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere
Which layer of the atmosphere is the densest (most molecules in a given volume)?
mesosphere
stratosphere
thermosphere
troposphere
What causes air pressure?
The increase in air density at high altitudes produces pressure.
The inversion of atmospheric layers causes air pressure.
The chemical reaction of oxygen and nitrogen produces pressure.
The force of gravity pulls on air molecules, giving them weight.
What instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
barometer
thermometer
millibar
kPa
Which statement best describes how solar radiation heats the earth and atmosphere?
About 50 percent of the radiation is absorbed by the surface, 20 percent is absorbed by the atmosphere, and 30 percent is reflected into space.
Only 2 percent of the radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere; 98 percent is absorbed by the surface.
Nearly all of the radiation is reflected back into space, with 5 percent being absorbed by the surface.
About 50 percent is reflected back into space by clouds and dust. The atmosphere absorbs the remaining 50 percent.
Which region of the earth receives the greatest heating from the sun?
polar regions
mid-latitude regions
equatorial regions
mountainous regions
What effect does the angle of insolation have on heating of the earth’s surface?
The lower the angle of insolation, the greater the heating effect will be on the surface.
The angle of insolation causes the surface to reflect more sunlight, lowering the heating efficiency.
The angle of insolation does not change with latitude, thus creating the tropical conditions at the equator.
The higher the angle of insolation, the greater the heating effect on the surface.
Which term below does not describe a way that water vapor moves from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere?
transpiration
precipitation
evaporation
Which process of the water cycle involves the storage of energy in the water vapor in the atmosphere?
condensation
precipitation
evaporation
Which phase change of the water cycle involves the release of energy?
condensation
transpiration
evaporation
Which air mass is the least dense?
warm and dry
cold and dry
cold and moist
warm and moist
Questions 15 and 16 refer to the image below.
Where would storm activity be most likely to occur? Arrows show vertical air movement.
over City A
over City B
over City C
Which location would experience the highest air pressure?
over City A
over City B
over City C
Why do meteorologists want to know about the density of an air mass? (Choose the best answer.)
Low density air rises, and that sets up conditions which can produce stormy weather.
High density air sinks, and that creates conditions that cause mostly clear weather.
The vertical movement of air gives rise to the conditions that create winds.
All of the above are good reasons to understand air density.
The atmosphere is mostly made up of trace gasses, with tiny amounts of carbon dioxide.
The atmosphere is mostly made up of water vapor, and carbon dioxide. Oxygen and nitrogen are present only in tiny amounts.
Oxygen and nitrogen make up roughly 99 percent of the atmosphere. Trace gasses, including carbon dioxide and water vapor, make up only tiny amounts of the air by comparison.
The majority of the atmosphere is made up of argon. Nitrogen and oxygen are present in small quantities.
What role do dust particles play in the atmosphere?
Dust decreases the density of the atmosphere.
Dust forms condensation nuclei for raindrops to condense upon.
Dust increases insulation to the earth’s surface.
Dust helps reduce lightning formation.
Which layer of the atmosphere has the highest air pressure and the most weather events or storms?
troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere
What is the correct order of the layers of the atmosphere from bottom to top?
mesosphere, troposphere, thermosphere, stratosphere
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
troposphere, thermosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere
thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere
Which layer of the atmosphere is the densest (most molecules in a given volume)?
mesosphere
stratosphere
thermosphere
troposphere
What causes air pressure?
The increase in air density at high altitudes produces pressure.
The inversion of atmospheric layers causes air pressure.
The chemical reaction of oxygen and nitrogen produces pressure.
The force of gravity pulls on air molecules, giving them weight.
What instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
barometer
thermometer
millibar
kPa
Which statement best describes how solar radiation heats the earth and atmosphere?
About 50 percent of the radiation is absorbed by the surface, 20 percent is absorbed by the atmosphere, and 30 percent is reflected into space.
Only 2 percent of the radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere; 98 percent is absorbed by the surface.
Nearly all of the radiation is reflected back into space, with 5 percent being absorbed by the surface.
About 50 percent is reflected back into space by clouds and dust. The atmosphere absorbs the remaining 50 percent.
Which region of the earth receives the greatest heating from the sun?
polar regions
mid-latitude regions
equatorial regions
mountainous regions
What effect does the angle of insolation have on heating of the earth’s surface?
The lower the angle of insolation, the greater the heating effect will be on the surface.
The angle of insolation causes the surface to reflect more sunlight, lowering the heating efficiency.
The angle of insolation does not change with latitude, thus creating the tropical conditions at the equator.
The higher the angle of insolation, the greater the heating effect on the surface.
Which term below does not describe a way that water vapor moves from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere?
transpiration
precipitation
evaporation
Which process of the water cycle involves the storage of energy in the water vapor in the atmosphere?
condensation
precipitation
evaporation
Which phase change of the water cycle involves the release of energy?
condensation
transpiration
evaporation
Which air mass is the least dense?
warm and dry
cold and dry
cold and moist
warm and moist
Questions 15 and 16 refer to the image below.
Where would storm activity be most likely to occur? Arrows show vertical air movement.
over City A
over City B
over City C
Which location would experience the highest air pressure?
over City A
over City B
over City C
Why do meteorologists want to know about the density of an air mass? (Choose the best answer.)
Low density air rises, and that sets up conditions which can produce stormy weather.
High density air sinks, and that creates conditions that cause mostly clear weather.
The vertical movement of air gives rise to the conditions that create winds.
All of the above are good reasons to understand air density.