Hi Gilbert. No bulging discs is not a given to one rupturing. I have a bulging disc since age 18, still around and up when I had my discogram done in 2006, it wasn't ruptured when put under pressure. Im now 46. It was still in tact. So no that is not a true tale you were told. It does happen to some bulging discs of course, but it's not a given.
It is extremely unlikely that your surgeon would be responsible for other discs going in your back. Unfortunately, some of us just do not have healthy spines and once some of us start having problems.. we continue to do so. And it is often true that once surgery is done to alter the natural spine, it can later cause us futher problems with any discs above and below the surgery site, particularly those that are fused (because it stops movement at that level). The rest of the spine up and below that must work doubly hard to compensate.
More likely the cause will not be truly identified and is likely partly genetics and also that your back is no longer normal and has had prior trauma and physiological changes to it before, putting addtional stress on the remainder of your spine, making it more vulnerable to injury and trauma, even just with everyday living.
What has been offered in treatment for you right now?